Carbohydrates are simple sugars that include both sugars and polymers of sugars, in which the word ends in -ose and the ratio is 1:2:1. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are sugar building blocks joined together by dehydration reactions. Dehydration synthesis occurs when two molecules are covalently bonded to each other, with a loss of a water molecule.
Proteins are a biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides (polymers of amino acids) folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure. These molecules also form through dehydration synthesis which forms a covalent peptide bond.
Protein Structures
This primary structure orders the amino acids from 1 to 100.
This secondary structure form coils, spirals, and pleated sheets as a result of hydrogen bonds between the repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone.
This tertiary structure is the overall shape of a polypeptide resulting from interactions between the side chains of the various amino acids. This is a 3D structure either globular or cylindrical.
This quaternary structure is the overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of these polypeptide subunits. This form with two or more tertiary structures come together.